Difference Between Smoke, Sanity & Regression Testing (With Examples)

In software testing, terms like Smoke Testing, Sanity Testing, and Regression Testing are often used interchangeably, but they serve different purposes. Let’s dive into each type of testing with definitions, examples, and a clear comparison.

What is Smoke Testing?

Smoke Testing is a high-level test to check whether the major functionalities of an application are working after a new build or deployment. It’s often called a “Build Verification Test (BVT)”. Whenever a new build is received, some basic functionality of the application is verified.

Purpose:

  • To validate the stability of a build before proceeding to detailed testing.
  • Performed on every new build release.
  • To catch issue early on new build release.

Example:

  • Check if the application launches.
  • Check if user login works.
  • Check if main navigation is functional.

Think of it as a basic health check before deeper diagnosis.

What is Sanity Testing?

Sanity Testing is a focused testing activity to verify that specific bug fixes or new functionalities are working as expected without performing complete regression. It is a subset of regression testing.

Purpose:

  • To ensure specific areas impacted by changes are stable.
  • Quick feedback loop for developers after fixes or small changes.

Example:

  • If a bug in the login module was fixed, sanity testing would involve testing login and related flows only.

Think of it as a “narrow but deep” test.

What is Regression Testing?

Regression Testing ensures that the recent code changes have not broken any existing functionalities across the application.

Purpose:

  • To catch bugs that were unintentionally introduced by changes.
  • Done after functional, bug fix, or enhancement releases.

Example:

  • After adding a new payment method, regression testing would verify all areas like checkout, invoice generation, and refund flows.

Think of it as “testing everything to make sure nothing broke.”

Comparison Table

Aspect Smoke Testing Sanity Testing Regression Testing
Scope Broad & shallow Narrow & deep Extensive
Purpose Check stability of build Verify bug fixes or minor changes Check entire system after changes
When Performed After every build After minor fixes After major changes or releases
Automation Feasibility Easily automated Partially automated Highly automated

Final Thoughts

Understanding the differences between smoke, sanity, and regression testing helps QA teams optimize their testing strategy, save time, and deliver quality software. Use each type wisely depending on the testing phase and the risk level of your changes.

💡 Pro Tip: Automate your smoke and regression suites to catch bugs early and fast.

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